NBC29 HEALTH SEGMENTS
BY
DR. JOHN HONG




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Vitamin B-12 Deficiency

Cobalamin is B-12, which is important in the making of DNA and is involved in neurologic functioning. B12 is found in meat and dairy products. Average consumption is Deficiency can cause:

  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Numbness/sensory changes
  • Dementia, Poor memory
  • Depression
  • Psychosis
  • Personality change, irritability

To become B-12 deficient takes years because the body stores it very well. B-12 binds to intrinsic factor (IF) in the stomach, and is absorbed in the ileum (the last part of the small intestines). Those at risk for B-12 deficiency include:

  • Elderly
  • Malnourished, Alcoholics
  • Vegan
  • Long term use of anti-acids
  • Gastric Bypass Surgery
  • Ileal surgery
  • Kidney insufficiency
  • Tapeworms
  • Bacterial overgrowth syndrome

If B12 levels are >400, there is probably no deficiency. If levels are <100, there is deficiency. If B12 is 100-400, though, a methymalonic acid and homocysteine levels should be checked. If either is high, then there is B12 deficiency. Methymalonic acid and homocysteine levels increase when there is B12 deficiency, though homocysteine can increase with folic acid deficiency as well.

Pernicious Anemia accounts for 70% of B-12 defiiciency cases, and this involves the immune system destroying IF. But even with Pernicious Anemia, oral B12 is just as effective in treatment as B-12 shots. Oral treatment is 1,000mcg a day for life.

By John S. Hong, MD, MS

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